Complications in repairing acute closed Achilles tendon rupture with micro-incision percutaneous Achilles tendon suture system / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the causes, management and prevention of complications after micro-incision percutaneous repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study indentyfied 279 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture who underwent a mini-invasive procedure using the micro-incision percutaneous Achilles tendon suture system(MIPAS) from August 2008 to November 2019, including 269 males and 10 female;96 cases on the right side and 183 cases on the left side;aged from 18 to 64 years old with an average of (36.9±11.4 )years old. Surgery was performed 0.5 to 7 days with an average of(2.7±0.9 )days after injury. The incision-related complications, re-rupture, sural nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis, Achilles tendon adhesion, local pain, and ankle stiffness within 18 months after surgery were recorded, as well as the corresponding management and outcome, the causes and prevention measures were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#No superficial or deep infection was found in all patients, symptomatic Achilles tendon adhesion and ankle stiffness were not observed, delayed suture foreign-body reactions occurred in 2 cases (0.7%), re-rupture in 5 cases (1.8%), sural nerve injury in 3 cases (1.1%), 21 cases(7.5%) with skin invagination at puncture site, 2 cases (0.7%) with symptomatic vein thrombosis, and 45 cases (16.1%) of transient posterior medial malleolus pain. After individualized treatment, the function was good. American Orthopeadic Foot & Ankle Sciety(AOFAS) score was 93 to 100 with an average of(98.9±5.4) scores.@*CONCLUSION@#Despite the occurrence of unique complications with MIPAS, it shows low functionally-related complications rates, such as incision-related complications, re-rupture, sural nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis and ankle stiffness.

Thirty years of metabolic engineering for biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates / 生物工程学报

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a family of biodegradable polyesters synthesized by microorganisms. It has various monomer structures and physical properties with broad application prospects. However, its large-scale production is still hindered by the high cost. In the past 30 years, metabolic engineering approach has been used to tune the metabolic flux, engineer and introduce pathways. The efficiency of PHA synthesis by microorganisms has been significantly improved, and the diversity of PHA monomer, structure and substrate have also been enriched. Meanwhile, by changing cell morphology and PHA particle size, more efficient downstream production process has achieved and PHA production costs have been reduced. In recent years, "Next generation industrial biotechnology" (NGIB) based on extremophiles, especially halophilic Halomonas spp., has been rapidly developed. NGIB has achieved the opening and continuous production of PHA, which simplifies the production process and saves energy and fresh water. Combined with metabolic engineering, Halomonas spp. can be transformed into low-cost production platform of numerous PHA. It is expected to improve the market competitiveness and promote the commercialization of PHA.

Research progress in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and their blend fibers / 生物工程学报

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a representative biodegradable polymer with more than 150 varieties and various properties. This article reviews the research status and potential applications of PHA, and introduces the properties of four-generation commercial PHA and its research progress in blend fibers with other biodegradable materials.

Preface for special column on iGEM (2018) / 生物工程学报

Themed in synthetic biology, supplemented with multiple inter-disciplines, International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM)Competition provides with a most influential and dynamic platform for young minds in the field of biology. Many college and high school teams not only achieved excellent results in this competition, but got academic breakthrough achievements as well in recent years. Hence, we launch this iGEM special editorial column, featured in latest domestic iGEM research projects. Simultaneously, we discuss, in this special issue, about the progress of iGEM in China, and its inspiration on development of research skills and scientific competence of collegiate students.

Application perspectives of polyhydroxyalkanoates / 生物工程学报

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates synthesized by many bacteria and haloarchaea as carbon and energy storage materials. There are more than 150 types of polyhydroxyalkanoate monomers reported, resulting in a variety of Polyhydroxyalkanoates with diverse properties. The material variability, nonlinear optical properties, piezoelectric properties, gas barrier properties, thermoplasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility allow polyhydroxyalkanoates to be used for plastic packaging, chiral chemicals generation, medicine, agriculture and bio-energy fields. This review introduces the current applications and future development of polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Effects of different glucocorticoids on pulmonary infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To compare the effects of different glucocorticoids on the pulmonary infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: From January 2013 to February 2017,128 cases of patients with RA in our hospital were selected as the research object,all the cases were divided into observation group and control group with 64 cases in each group accorded to the random draw envelope principle.The observation group was given intra-articular injection of corticosteroid therapy,the control group was given oral glucocorticoid therapy,two groups were treated for 8 weeks.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group and the control group was 96.9% and 84.4% respectively,and the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The joint pain and joint swelling index of the observation group and the control group after treatment were sig-nificantly lower than that before the treatment (P<0.05),and the joint pain and joint swelling index of the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group and the control group during treatment were 1.6% and 7.8%,respectively.The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The CRP and RF in the observation group after treatment were (10.11±3.19)mg/L and (50.22±19.82)U/ml that were significantly lower than the control group of (17.49±5.32) mg/L and (59.14±20.59)U/ml (P<0.05),while the CRP and RF values of the two groups after treatment was obviously lower than that before treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion: Compare with oral administration,intra articular injection of glucocorticoid for RA can reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection,inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and RF,and promote the alleviation of clinical symptoms,thereby enhance the therapeutic effect.

Establishment and application of multiplex PCR for non-O157 H7 STEC virulence genes detection / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Traditional detection approaches for non-O157 STEC are both time and labour consuming in diseases surveillance. Virulence genes detection based on multiplex PCR could not only improve the detection efficiency but also increase the accuracy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six virulence genes of non-O157:H7 (stx1, stx2, eae, hly, etpD, katP6) were detected by two groups of trebling PCRs. The multiplex PCRs were optimized by melting curve analysis in SYBR Green I real-time PCR. Testing result of multiplex PCR was consistent with serological testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity limits of the multiplex PCR for stx1, stx2, eaeP, etpD, katP, and hly were 10 ng/ml, 120 ng/ml, 110 ng/ml,165 ng/ml, 85 ng/ml, and 15 ng/ml, respectively, which is similar with that of single PCR. When the multiplex PCR was applied in 120 adults and 90 children diarrhea samples detection, 13 cases were detected for non-O157 positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method we established can be used for non-O157 STEC virulence genes detection and screening with high efficiency and accuracy.</p>

Spermatic vein and artery ligation for varicocele / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the influence of spermatic vein and artery ligation on testicular hemodynamics, spermatogenesis and testis volume in varicocele patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-eight varicocele patients were randomly divided into a spermatic vein and artery ligation (n = 46) and a spermatic vein and artery preservation group (n = 42). The testicular hemodynamic parameters, testis volume and results of semen analyses were obtained before and 6 months after the surgery and compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in peak systolic velocity (V(max)), end diastolic velocity (V(min)), mean enveloped velocity (V(mean)) and V(min) of the capsular artery (CA) either between the ligation and preservation groups (P > 0.05) or between pre- and post-operation (P > 0.05). Sperm density, vitality and motility were significantly improved after surgery (P < 0.01), with no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the testis volume between the two groups before and after the operation (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Spermatic vein and artery ligation in varicocelectomy does not affect the testicular hemodynamics, spermatogenesis and testis volume of varicocele patients. Both the spermatic vein and artery should be ligated when necessary.</p>

Methanol extract of Celastrus orbiculatu suppresses synovial hyperplasia and cartilage erosion and degradation in rheumatoid arthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of methanol extract of Celastrus orbiculatu (MECO) on synovial hyperplasia and cartilage erosion and degradation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and explore the possible mechanisms to provide clues for new drug development for RA treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The articular synovium from patients with RA and normal articular cartilage were co-implanted into the back of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)mice to establish the chimeric model SCID- HuRAg. Four weeks later, the mice were given MECO intragastrically at 30 mg/day, leflunomide at 500 microg/day or distilled water, respectively, for 4 consecutive weeks. After completion of the treatments, the histological scores of the grafts for synovial hyperplasia, cartilage invasion by synoviocyte and cartilage degradation around the chondrocytes were evaluated, and serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured with radioimmunoassay. The expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the cell apoptosis in the synovium were detected with in situ hybridization (ISH) and TUNEL, respectively, and the results were analyzed with the image analysis system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The grafts survived in the mice till the end of experiment. MECO and leflunomide, in comparison with distilled water, significantly lowered the scores for synovial hyperlasia (2.00+/-0.76 and 2.25+/-0.89 vs 3.63+/-0.52), cartilage erosion (1.69+/-0.80 and 2.00+/-1.36 vs 3.75+/-0.53), cartilage degradation (1.88+/-0.83 and 2.13+/-0.83 vs 3.63+/-0.74) and serum TNF-alpha level (0.84+/-0.09 and 0.83+/-0.12 vs 0.99+/-0.11 ng/ml). Cell apoptosis of the synovium increased significantly with MECO and leflunomide treatments, but the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the synovium decreased significantly in MECO group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MECO can effectively suppress synovial hyperplasia and cartilage erosion and degradation SCID-HuRAg mice by reducing TNF-alpha production in the synovium and promoting synovial apoptosis. MECO can be comparable with leflunomide in their effect, but the former is more effective in suppressing TNF-alpha expression in the synovium.</p>

Observation of injection drug speed in ropivcaine combined spinal epidural anesthesia / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of ropiyacaine combined with intra-spinal epidural anesthesia by using the same volume but different injection speed on anaesthetic level.Methods 80 cases of patients of ASA～Ⅱdegree suitable to use intra-spinal epidural combined anesthesia for gynecologic operation were selected and ran- domly divided into three groups,0.75 % ropivacaine 2mg(15mg)administered,group A the speed of injection was 10 seconds,group B injection speed was 20 seconds,group C injection speed was 30 seconds,the anaesthetic level reached T_(10).The time of highest level in spinal anesthesia,30 minutes after spinal anesthesia MAP,and number of cases need to add epidural drug were all recorded.Results The best effect of anesthesia was found in group B,the block level of anesthesia was satisfactory,blood dynamic was stable,and there was no need to add epidural drug.Conclusion The speed of 0.75 % ropivacaine 2ml spinal epidural combined with anesthesia was suitable at the speed of 20 seconds.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 siRNA increases cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum, and to provide an experimental groundwork for the gene therapy of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Small interfering RNAs targeting PDE5 gene were synthesized by using web design software provided by Ambion, three siRNAs and a control siRNA were synthesized by Ambion. siRNAs were transfected into the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum by using siPORT Lipid reagent. cGMP was detected by ELISA at different times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) after transfection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cGMP levels of the siRNA1, siRNA2 and siRNA3 groups were significantly higher than those of the siRNA control and blank control groups (P < 0.05), and so was it in the siRNA1 group than the siRNA2 and siRNA3 groups (P < 0.05), with significant difference between the siRNA control and the blank control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The synthesized siRNAs in vitro are capable of increasing the level of cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum, different siRNAs with different capabilities. The siRNA technique could provide not only an extremely powerful tool for the functional analysis of genome but also a new approach to ED gene therapy.</p>

Detection and significance of 16S rDNA in the prostatic secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression and significance of 16S rDNA in prostatic secretions (EPS) of chronic prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>16S rDNA was detected in EPS of 116 patients with chronic prostatitis by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>16S rDNA were positively expressed in all 29 cases of II type chronic bacterial prostatitis and 71 out of 87 cases of III type chronic prostatitis (82%). The positive rates were 94% (45/48) and 67% (26/39) in lIIA and IIIB chronic prostatitis respectively. There was a statistical difference in 16S rDNA positive rate between IIIA and IlB chronic prostatitis (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of 16s rDNA may be a useful index for the diagnosis and classification of chronic prostatitis.</p>

Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha and leukemic cell differentiation / 生理学报

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3, ATO) is a recently developed drug for the effective treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Experimental studies showed that in vitro differentiation-inducing ability on APL cells of this drug is not significant compared with its in vivo activity. We unexpectedly found recently that hypoxia-mimetic agents and moderate real hypoxia triggered acute myeloid leukemic cells to undergo differentiation. Furthermore, intermittent hypoxia significantly prolonged the survival of the transplanted leukemic mice with inhibition of infiltration and induction of differentiation of leukemic cells. In the following works, molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-induced differentiation were investigated and some interesting results have been obtained. This review will shortly summarize the related progresses and discuss the questions remained to be further investigated.

Phospholipid scramblase 1 / 生理学报

Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a calcium-binding, multiply palmitoylated type II endofacial plasma membrane protein, while unpalmitoylated PLSCR1 protein can import into the nucleus, where it binds to genomic DNA. Although the original work showed that PLSCR1 contributes to the transbilayer movement of phospholipids, the following studies revealed that PLSCR1 expression can be induced by some cytokines such as interferon, epidermal growth factor, and also by leukemic cell differentiation-inducing agents such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). PLSCR1 was also shown to interact with several protein kinases including c-Abl, c-Src, protein kinase Cdelta as well as some other proteins such as onzin, suggesting the roles of PLSCR1 in cell signaling. Indeed, the current evidence proposes that PLSCR1 contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and plays roles in the pathogenesis of cancers, especially leukemia.

Polyhydroxybutyrate Synthesis in Recombinant Zymonomas mobilis Affected Ethanol Production / 中国生物工程杂志

Zymonomas mobilis was transformed with a polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis operon phbCAB equipped with a pdc promoter from Z. mobilis. For the first time,PHB was produced in recombinant Z.mobilis. Shake flask studies indicated that accumulation of PHB in Zymomonas mobilis increased approximately 10% ethanol productivity for the first 48h of anaerobic fermentation. After that,the PHB effect was observed as insignificant probably due to the exhaustion of the sugar.

Analysis of auditory steady-state response to multiple simultaneous stimuli and cochlea morphology in guinea pigs with posterior semicircular canal fistula / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the changes of auditory steady-state response (ASSR) threshold in guinea pigs with posterior semicircular canal fistula.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 10 guinea pigs, a window was opened in the posterior semicircular canal of the left ear with the right ear serving as the control for testing the ASSR under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean and standard deviation of ASSR threshold (dB SPL) at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the left ear was 35.00+/-14.33, 25.50+/-12.37, 20.00+/-9.37 and 20.00+/-9.18, respectively, and was 31.00+/-16.19, 25.50+/-12.34, 18.00+/-6.96 and 18.50+/-6.71 in the right ear, respectively. Paired-sample t test showed no significant difference in the ASSR at the same frequency between the two ears.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Small fistula by surgery causes no significant hearing loss in guinea pigs.</p>

Effects of small fenestra stapedotomy in comparison with total stapedectomy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of small fenestra stapedotomy and total stapedectomy in patients with otosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven patients (30 ears) undergoing small fenestra stapedotomy and 36 patients (43 ears) receiving total stapedectomy were compared for hearing results and complication rates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No statistically significant differences were seen in postoperative speech pure tone average in closing air-bone gap between the two groups. The ears treated by small fenestra stapedotomy showed statistically better air-bone gap closure at high frequencies with lower rates of sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies and milder dizziness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In spite of the successful hearing outcomes in both groups, small fenestra stapedotomy can achieve better results at high frequencies and reduce the incidence of complications.</p>

Effects of ossicular reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis in patients with tympanosclerosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of ossicular reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) in patients with tympanosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 28 cases of tympanosclerosis treated between 1992 and 2006 were reviewed. Of the 28 patients, 14 (14 ears) underwent ossicular reconstruction with PORP and 14 (14 ears) had ossicular mobilization, and all the patients were followed-up for 3-24 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant improvement was found in postoperative speech frequency (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) closure after in the operation the two groups. Ossicular reconstruction using PORP resulted in statistically better ABG closure and PTA (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In ossicular attic fixation, ossicular reconstruction using PORP can yield better results than mobilization of the major ossicles in patients with tympanosclerosis.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of bilateral testicular intratubular seminoma: a case report and review of literature / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnosis and treatment of testicular intratubular seminoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One case of testicular intratubular seminoma was diagnosed with testicular biopsy. Epididymal sperm was aspirated and intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI) was performed. And local radiotherapy was conducted on the bilateral testes after fertilization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The result of testicular biopsy revealed bilateral testicular intratubular seminoma. Large numbers of sperms were found in the epididymal aspirate. ICSI did not succeed for the first time. The second ICSI succeeded. The local radiotherapy by 60Co had been conducted on the bilateral testes, and testicular tumor didn't develop further.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Testicular intratubular seminoma is a type of intratubular germ cell neoplasia, with no clinical manifestations, and usually found in testicular biopsy. Earlier management promises better prognosis.</p>

Safety of Sildenafil in men with cardiovascular diseases / 中华男科学杂志

Sildenafil is widely used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Because many patients with ED have cardiovascular diseases, doctors and patients are concerned over the safety of Sildenafil in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The review focuses on the safety of sildenafil for ED patients with cardiovascular diseases.